都立英語マラソン ’18 第48回 英作文
自由英作は、文法・単語を、自分が完全に書ける（誤りがないという絶対の自信のある）ものだけで書くように。内容はそれに合わせる。うそでもかまわないわけです。
Part １
あなたは、人の役に立つために取り組んでみたいことについて授業で発表することになりました。あなたがとり組んでみたいことをひとつ取り上げ、そのことについて3つの英語の文で書き表しなさい。
（2013 東京都 改）
Part 2
次の[質問]に対するあなたの考えを、下の[指示]に従って、20語以上の英語で書きなさい。2文以上になってもかまいません。ただし、コンマ（,)やピリオド（.)などは語数に含めません。
[質問]あなたが高校入学後にしたいことは何ですか。
[指示]・したいことをひとつ書くこと。
・その理由を書くこと。
（2013 佐賀 改）
Part 3
次の問いかけに対し、あなたはどのように答えるか。30語以上の英語を用いて、答えよ。
How do you usually study English at home?
(2013 福岡 改）
①問題を読み、解答を書いてみましょう。
②スペルの気になる語は、辞書や単語帳でチェックすること。
③test dayにチェックを受けましょう。
都立英語マラソン '18 第47回 読解
これから、これから。
次の文章を、（ ）の中の質問に答えながら読んでみましょう。二色マーカーも引き続き使ってね。
Mary was a junior high school student.(主語、動詞はどれか。）Her family loved swimming.(主語、動詞はどれか）。Her two brothers, John and Tom, were the best swimmers in the city.(, ,で挟んである部分は、どう訳すか。）Her parents were P.E. teachers. Mary, the youngest child in the family, was very good at swimming, too.(, ,で挟んである部分はどう訳すか。 be good at 〜ingの意味がわかるか。）She practiced swimming every day after school at a swimming club in the city.(主語はどれか、動詞はどれか？）She had a rival there. (thereはどこを指すか？）Her name was Betty. She swam almost as fast as Mary, but Mary always swam faster than Betty. She never defeated Mary in a race.(sheは誰のことか？）They knew each other, but they didn't talk much. Both Mary and Betty always wanted to swim faster than each other.
One day, Mary was defeated by Betty in a race.(受動態に気がつくか？）That was a first experience for her.(thatは何を指すか？）She was shocked.(sheは誰のことか？）After the race, Mary wasn't able to improve her times. First, she began to practice harder. Then she asked her coach to tell her other ways to practice swimming. She followed each of them.(themの指す言葉は何か）But that didn't work.(thatの指す内容は何か？）She didn't know what to do. Betty also practiced hard, and improve her times. Mary stopped going to the swimming club.
Marry's family worried about her. They gave her some advice. Her mother said to her, "Everyone has had an experience like that."(時制は何か）Her father said to her, "Don't worry. Just keep practicing, and your times will get better soon."(andはどう訳すか？）Her brother John said to her, "why don't you try some other sports? I think that will help you.(thatは何を指すか？）" Her brother Tom said to her, "I think you should try swimming slowly. Try thinking about your swimming form. I sometimes practice that way when I get into a deep slump." Mary understood what they felt for her. But she didn't go to practice. Every day after school, she just stayed home. She wondered what she should do with her life.
Two weeks later, a letter arrived for Mary.(主語はどれか、動詞はどれか？）She opened it.(itは何を指すか？）It was from Betty. She was surprised to get a letter from Betty.(to不定詞はどう訳すか？）She started to read it.
Dear Mary
I haven't seen you for two weeks.(時制は？）Are you all right? I miss you very much. I always wanted to swim faster than you, but now I can't practice as hard as before.(butはどの文とどの文とをつなぐか？）I've found I really need you.(foundの後に省略されている語は？）Please come back to the club again!
Yours,
Betty
When Marry read the letter, she was happy to learn that she was important to Betty, and she remembered some things.(to不定詞はどう訳すか？and は何と何とを結ぶか？）
"When Betty was practicing hard and improved her times, I wanted to practice more. When I made a new record in a swimming race, John and Tom were very happy. When I was able to swim twenty-five meters for the first time, my father got more excited than I."
Mary knew her family always helped her. (knewの後に省略されている語は？名詞節の主語と動詞は？）She thought, "I was able to keep swimming because of my family's help. And I have a good rival who practices swimming with me.(関係代名詞の節が訳せるか？）" She decided to swim again.(不定詞背の用法は？）
The next day, Mary went to the swimming club. Other swimmers said some kind things to her. She saw Betty. Betty said to Mary, "Let's practice together!" and smiled.(smiledの前に省略されている主語は？）Mary was very glad to see her again.(to不定詞はどう訳すか？）
For six months, Mary practiced very hard with Betty. Then she made a new record in a race. Mary was very happy. She knew that she and Betty were good friends. And that made her happier.
(2013年 東京 改）
①全文の訳を取りましょう。
②すらすら言えるようになるまで、声に出して読んでみましょう。
③次の質問に答えてみましょう。
１．次の英文の（ ）内にふさわしいものはアからエのどれですか？
Mary thought, "I was able to keep swimming because ( )."
ア. other members in my club said kind things to me
イ. I decided to go to the swimming club again
ウ. Betty smiled when she saw me at the swimming club
エ. my family always helped me and I had a good rival
④test day に電話をかけてチェックを受けましょう！
都立英語マラソン ’18 第46回 読解
いつ、誰が、誰に、何を、どうして、どう思ったか、きちんとお話を捕まえましょう。
次の英文は、Emiが、高校留学フェアでお世話になったBobに送ったEメールの内容です。
Hi, Bob. How are you? I want to tell you about my experience at a city library last week(主語はどれか、動詞はどれか？）.
My host mother Brenda works there（主語と動詞はどれか）. The library gives some culture classes for people in the city.(主語と動詞、時制は？） One day Brenda asked me to show something Japanese to children in the class for elementary school students at her library.（いつ、誰が誰に、何をすることを頼んだのか？ ）I was very glad to hear that.（to不定詞の用法は何か？） After I talked with her, I decided to show the children how to make paper cranes.（誰が誰に何をすることを決めたのか？） There were about twenty children in the class. At first, it was very difficult for me to explain how to do it in English.（文頭の形式主語itは何を指すのか？） I showed an example and explained it to the children step by step. （andの後の省略されている主語は？）It was not easy for them to follow me, but in the end they were able to make cranes.（butはどことどこをつなげるか） The children liked them.(themは何を指すのか？） I was very happy because they enjoyed the class. Next time, I want to teach children Japanese songs. I will sing some Japanese songs for you someday.
(2013年 東京都 改）
①全文の訳をとりましょう。
②訳が取れたら、英文を声に出して、Emiになって話しかけるつもりで練習しましょう。
③次の質問に答えてみましょう。
1.このEメールの内容と合っているのは次のうちのどれですか？
ア. Emi asked Brenda to give her a chance to show something to children
at a city library.
イ. It was very difficult for Emi to explain how to make paper cranes in
Japanese.
ウ. The children liked making paper cranes because it was easy for them.
エ. The children enjoyed the class, and Emi wants to teach Japanese
songs next time.
④test dayに電話をかけて、チェックを受けてみましょう。
都立英語マラソン ’18 第45回 読解
読んでいる途中で、文の意味がつかめず、「あっ、わからない」と思ったとき。「ああ、だめだ」と思わず・・・
①主語と動詞を見つける。
②時制を確認する。
③今まで習ってきた英文のどの形か思い出す。
④とにかく逐語訳してみる。
⑤前後の文脈から読み直す。見当をつける。
の順でやってみてください。
大輝（Daiki)さんは、もうすぐ帰国するALTのジュリー（Julie)先生と「とやま名誉友好大使（Toyama Honorary Friendly Envoy）」について話をしています。
Daiki:Hello, Julie. I've heard you'll leave Japan next month.(主語と動
詞は？時制は？thatの省略がわかるか。that節の主語と動詞は？）
Julie:Hi, Daiki. Thank you for everything. I had a very good time
here.(主語はどれか。動詞とその時制は？）I'll leave here soon, but
I'll work for Toyama in my country because I was appointed to be
a Toyama Honorary Friendly Envoy last week.(butは何と何とをつなぐ
のか。前半の主語と動詞とその時制は？後半の主語と動詞とその時制は？
because以下の節の主語と動詞とその時制と態は？）I'm excitied about
it.(動詞は？）
Daiki:What is that?(thatは何を指すのか？）Could you tell me about it?
(動詞はどれか？）
Julie:The Toyama Honorary Frienfly Envoy Program started in 1989.(動詞
はどれか？) Only foreign people who have lived in Toyama for one
or more years can be an Envoy.(主節の動詞は？）As Envoys, we tell
people a lot of nice things about Toyama. We also help
international exchanges between Toyama and foreign countries.(動詞
はどれか？）
Daiki:Oh, that's great.
Julie:I'm happy to be an Envoy because I think Toyama is wonderful.(主
節の主語と動詞は？because節の主語と動詞、that節の主語と動詞は？）
It has a lot of beautiful places like high mountains, rivers and
the sea.(itは何を指すか？）And I love people in Toyama. They are
so kind.(theyは何を指すか？）They always helped me and I learned a lot from them.(andは何と何をつなぐか？learned の前に省略されてい るものは？）I've wanted to do something for Toyama, so this is a
good chance for me.
Daiki:Do you know how many Envoys there are in the world?
Julie:Well, I hear there are about 1300 Envoys all over the world.
(thereの前に省略されているものは？）Last week sixteen ALTs and I
were appointed to be new Envoys.(主語は？動詞は？態は？時制は？）
Daiki:So many! Do you have to do anything before you leave Japan?
Julie:No, I don't, but I'm going to study more about Toyama to become
a good Envoy.(to不定詞はどう訳すか？）Before I leave, I'd like to
go to some places in Toyama I haven't visited yet(2番目のIの前には
何が省略されているか？）.
Daiki:There are a lot of interesting places to see, but do you know a
new museum called Koshinokuni-Bungakukan?(to不定詞はどう訳すか？
called以下の働きは？）It has many old books written by authors
associated with Toyama.(itは何を指すか？written以下の働きは？
assoiated以下の働きは？）You can learn a lot about important
people and things of Toyama there.(andは何と何とを結ぶのか？）
I hope that you will visit it if you are interested in hometown
literature."(itは何を指すのか？）
Julie:Thank you. I haven't been to the museum yet.(時制は何か？）I
think it's a nice place to visit.(to不定詞の働きは何か？)
Daiki:You're welcome. I'm not an Envoy, but I'm happy to help you(to以下
の働きは何か？）
Julie:I think you are a young Envoy when you tell foreign people good
things about Toyama.
（2013 冨山 改）
①全文の訳を取りましょう。
②すらすら言えるようになるまで口に出して練習しましょう。
③次の質問に答えてみましょう。
本文の内容に合うものを、次のア〜オから２つ選んで記号で答えなさい。
ア. Daiki didn't know about the Toyama Honorary Friendly Envoy Program
before.
イ. Becomimg a Toyama Honorary Friendly Envoy makes Julie excited.
ウ. We have more than two thousand Envoys all over the world now.
エ. Julie and Daiki are going to visit a museum which has a lot of old
pictures in Toyama.
オ. Daiki will be a Toyama Honorary Friendly Envoy to help
international exchanges.
④test day に電話をかけて、チェックを受けてみましょう。
都立英語マラソン ’18 第44回 読解
二色のマーカーを準備してください。ひとつは主語用。ひとつは動詞用。全ての文の主語と動詞にマーカーをしながら読んでみてください。但し、命令文、呼びかけ、省略がある場合には二つともそろっていなくてもかまいません。there is 〜 の文は一種の倒置で、〜が主語です。
次の英文を（ ）の中の質問に心の中で答えながら読んでみましょう。高校生の順子（Junko)が学校生活で体験したことについて書いたものです。
One day, I found some plastic bottles near the school gate and picked them up.（主語は何か、動詞は何か。and のあとに省略されている主語は何か。themは何を指すか。）Then, Ms. Sasaki, a teacher of our school, came to help me and said, "Why are these plastic bottles here? （主語と動詞は何か、誰が言ったのか？）If we collect clean plastic bottles, we can change them into useful things by recycling.（if節の中の主語と動詞はどれか？主節の中の主語と動詞はどれか？themは何を指すか）For example, some bags, pens, and jackets are made from plastic bottles.(受動態に気がつくか？）You are one of the student council members.(主語と動詞はどれか？）What do you think?"
That night, I talked with my family about plastic bottles.(主語はどれか？動詞とその時制は？）My mother said, "I use clean plastic bottles for vases." My brother said, "Some of my friends made a Christmas tree with plastic bottles.”(主語はどれか、動詞とその時制は？）Then I got an idea and said, "We should make a symbol of recycling with clean plastic bottles for the school festival.(saidの主語は？with はどう訳すか？）If we take them to the recycling plant after the fesatival,the student will understand the importance of the recycling." （themは何を指すか？ 主節の主語と動詞は何か？ ）My father said, "Why don't you tell your idea to the student council?"
The next day, I talked with the other members about my idea.(the otherの意味は？）Chikako said, "It's a good idea. What shall we make?”(shallは何か）Keiko said, "How about making a plastic bottle arch?"(how about はどう訳すか？makeはなぜingになっているか？）Tatsuya said, "That's great, but we need a lot of plastic bottles. How can we collect them? (howはどう訳すか？ them の指すものは何か？）We've never tried it before.” (時制は何か？）Hideki said, "If the students understand the purpose of making a plastic bottle arch, they will bring many plastic bottles."(if節の主語と動詞は何か？makeはなぜingになっているのか？theyは何を指すか？主節の動詞は何か？時制は？）We all agreed.(動詞は？時制は？）
Our plastic bottle plan started.(主語と動詞は何か？）We learned a lot about recycling from Ms. Sasaki.(aboutはどう訳すか？）We made the recycling boxes for the plan and put them in all the classrooms.（putの主語は？時制は？themは何を指すか？）Hideki and I explained about the purpose of the plan in the student meeting,(主語は何か）Keiko and Chikako showed each class bags, pens, and jakets made from plastic bottles.(誰に、何をshowしたのか？made以下はどこにかかるか？）Tatsuya and the other members asked the students to put clean plastic bottles into the recycling boxes.(誰に何をしてもらうように頼んだのか？）We thought about what to do and worked together.(workの主語は？）So many students got interested in the plan and we collected many plastic bottles.(andは何と何を結ぶか。前半の主語と動詞は？後半の主語と動詞は？）
The school festival came.(主語は何か？動詞は何か？）At the school gate, many people saw the beautiful plastic bottle arch.(主語は何か？動詞は何か？）They are impressed.(theyは何を指すか？）Ms.Sasaki looked up and said with a smile,"The plan is wonderful.(saidの主語は？）This arc is a symbol of recycling and your cooperation."(andは何と何とを結ぶか？）After festival, we took the plastic bottles to the recycling plant.
We finished the plan.The students have learned the importance of recycling through the plan and still put clean plastic bottles into the recycling boxes.(andの後ろに省略されている主語は何か？前半の文の時制は？後半の文の時制は？）We always feel glad to see that.(主語は何か？動詞は何か？）
I've learned two important things from the plan. (動詞は何か？時制は？）It's important to change our view of things around us.(itの指すものは？）It's also important to share new ideas and work together.(andは何と何とを結ぶか？）I think these things will make our school life much better.(主節の主語と動詞は？thinkのあとに省略されているものは？名詞節の文型は？）
（2013 福島 改）
①全文の訳を取りましょう。
②口に出してすらすら言えるようになるまで練習しましょう。
③次の質問に答えてみよう。
１．生徒会が行ったことはどのようなことか。
ア. They learned a lot about recycling from Junko's mother.
イ. They put the recycling boxes for the plan in each classroom.
ウ. They showed each class clean plastic bottles for vases.
エ．They asked the students to collect bags, pens, and jakets.
④test dayに電話をかけてチェックを受けてみよう。
都立英語マラソン 18 第43回 読解
読むときには、いつも、主語は何か、動詞は何か、その時制と単複を意識しましょう。
次の英文を、（ ）のなかの質問に心の中で答えながら、読んでみよう！
「時差ぼけ（jet lag)」 について書かれた文章です。
Some people feel tired after riding on a plane for a long time.(主語は何か。動詞は何か。時制は。文型は。ridingは進行形か？）They feel more tired if they fly from one time zone to another.(theyは何を指すか。動詞は何か。if節の主語と動詞は。）This is called jet lag.(thisは何を指すか。文型は？）They also sometimes feel sick.(動詞はどれか。文型は?）They get headaches and sometimes have problems about eating and sleeping.(haveの主語は？eatingとsleepingは進行形？）
How much jet lag do you get?(muchはどこにかかるか？getは何をgetするのか？）There are many different cases.(there is 〜 はどう訳すか。なぜareになっているのか）It is easier to get over jet lag after flying from east to west than from west to east. (形式主語を理解できるか。thanは何と何を比較しているのか？than のあとに隠れている動詞は？）People who go to bed late can go back to their normal life more quickly than people who go to bed early.(peopleの動詞は？thanは何と何を比較しているのか？関係代名詞節は（ ）でくくれるか？）Older people feel jet lag more often than younger people.(主語は何か。動詞は何か。）
If you don't want to have a hard time with jet lag, you should drink a lot of warter on the plane and take comfortable clothes with you.(if節の主語と動詞は？ 主節の主語は？助動詞は？動詞は？take の主語と動詞は？）
（2013 鳥取 改）
①全文の訳を取りましょう。
②口に出してすらすら言えるようになるまで練習しましょう。
③次の質問に答えてみよう。
１．時差ぼけが早く治る人とはどのような人か。
ア. 東から西へ飛行機で移動する人と早寝をする人。
イ. 東から西へ飛行機で移動する人と夜更かしをする人。
ウ. 西から東へ飛行機で移動する人と早寝をする人。
エ．西から東へ飛行機で移動する人と夜更かしをする人。
④test dayに電話をかけてチェックを受けてみよう。
都立英語マラソン ’18 第42回 英作文
英作文の練習です。正確に、間違いのない文章を。短くていいので、設問のリクエストに、ガツンと答える！
Part１
毎日いろいろなことがある学校生活。もっとこうだったらいいのにな、とあなたが思う改善点を提案してください。5文以上の英文で、どうぞ。
Part２
Do we have to study English? Please write your opinion in English. Use more than 5 sentences.
①書けたら単語のスペル、文法に誤りがないか確認してください。
②全文暗記して、誰か話しかける相手を設定して、その人に主張するつもりで話す練習をしてください。
③test dayに電話をかけてチェックを受けてください。
